Electric heating system for



U. MUNSCHAK July 4, 1944.

ELECTRIC HEATING SYSTEM FOR GARMENTS AND OTHER OBJECTS Original FiledMay 16,1940 '5 Sheets- Sheet 1 Illllllllllllllllllllll llul lllu fi|NVENTOR-' v USCHER MUNCHAK r 4' I '0 f ATTORNEXG- July 4, 1944. u. MusiHAK ELECTRIC HEATING SYSTEM FOR GARMENTS AND OTHER OBJECTS 3Sheets-Shae? 2 Original Filed May 16, 1940 aw 1w 2 m m T 5 U N a .m R m%M July 4, 1944. U MUNSCHAK Re. 22,512

ELECTRIC HEATING SYSTEM FOR GARMENTS AND OTHER OBJECTS Original FiledMay 16, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 K A 3% M5 TN U EM V m H C 5 U lax Ma viiATTORN 5V5 Reissued July 4, 1944 ELECTRIC HEATING SYSTEM FOR GARMENTSAND OTHER OBJECTS Uscher Mnnschak, New York, N. Y., assignor ofone-halfto Jacob Wolodarsky, Paris, France Original No. 2,284,673. dated June 2,1942, Serial No. 335,515, May 16, 1940. Application for reissue May 25,1943, Serial No. 488,445. In France June 1, 1939 '17 Claims. (01'. 219-4This invention relates to electric heating systems which may be used ingarments, covers. cushions and in structures, which have their operationand heating effect indirectly controlled by and dependent upon thetemperature of the surrounding air or other fluid.

The main object of my invention is to have a heating system of thecharacter indicated which automatically maintains a uniform temperatureof an object to which it is applied despite variation of lowtemperatures prevailing in the ambient fluid about said object.

The growing development of aviation and the tendency to fly at thehighest possible altitudes have rendered necessary the use ofelectrically" heated garments.

The experiences made till now have not entirely succeeded, asthe heatingsystems employed not being provided with regulating means or having anuneffective regulation by means of the actuation by hand of anelectrical current switch, were unable to ensure the'automaticstabilization of the-garment's temperature at a predetermined and fixedvalue.

The present invention also has as an object the construction of a safetyelectrically heated garment with automatic regulation of its temandmeasures of such channels are determined by the number of heating cordsto be lodged. These heating cords are formed with an asbestos I coresurrounded by a conducting wire working perature at a predeterminedvalue, without conments, flying suits, coats, jackets, vests, waistcoats, trousers, socks, gloves, shoes, head and face garments, helments,face masks and the like, is

made of leather, fur, wool cloth or any othersuitable material. Itisprovided with a suitable lining, like an ordinary garment.

the lining is mounted a flexible wire heater. Be-

tween the said heater and the garments fabric is inserted a layer ofheat insulating material which may made of any kind of cotton, wool orsilk wadding or-wlth any other kind of heat insulating fabric. Theheater and the heat insulating layer extend through the entire surfaceof'the garment.

The electrical heater is bounded by two layers as an electricresistance, thewhole being covered with a brading consisting in anasbestos layer forming a fireproof medium around the resist ance'layer.The measures of the resistance wire are determined by the electricalvoltage and current with which the garment is to be fed.

Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings show, respectively inelevation and in transversal section, part of the garment together withits heater. On these figures vTV is the fabric layer of the garment: MIis the layer of fireproof material; TQ are the external layers ofwaterproof 'fabric, of the heater; TD is the lining fabric and C are thechannels or sheaths in which the heating cords are recessed, thesechannels resulting from the binding together of the two fabric sheetsTC; the stitchinglines are shown in broken lines on Figure 2.

The electrical heating is thus ensured by means of heating cords CC ofFigures 1 and 2. i

For the automatic heating regulation there are generally used variousautomatic devices, designed to work in amedium more or lesshomogeneou'sly heated. .As these circumstances do do not prevail in' thecase of the heating of gar- .ments, the automatic regulation of thetemperature of the heating garment,'a'ccording to the invention, isindirectly made, by using small special automatic regulators, foradjusting the Between the garment and" garment'itself is reached;

, precise regulation, the invention provides for a of waterproof anddielectric fabric.- On the whole surface are formed, by means of linesof partemperature of the resistance wires, each of such wires beinghomogeneously heated over its whole length, when it is fed withelectriccurrent. It is sullicient to control the temperature in an only point ofthe resistancewire of each circuit. in order to reach an homogeneousregulation of the heater over its whole, extension. The te perature ofthe garment establishing itself as .a direct function of the heater stemperaturcrby this method'an homogeneous regulation of the In 'order toobtain'a more homogeneous and heating system tions.

The heater is divided, over its entire area into wlth reguiation ofindividual secseveral-more or less equivalent, sections, each of.

which is heated by means of a separately regulated heating element.Figure .'3 shows diagramf T: are all looked, that is,

2 maticallv part of the heater in whichsome of the heating sections areprovided with a separate regulation.

. cams switched. If, for instance, there must be estaba Si and B2 aretwo sections or groups of distinct heating circuits, each of them beingseparately regulated, by means of one of the three regulators T1, T2,T1, and T4, Ta, and Te.

Each section comprises three parallel connected resistance elements B1,Ba, B1, or B1, Ba,

and Be, in series with resistance A or A1. The

conductors of circuits S1, or S: are marked with sign or according asthey are connected with one or-the other terminal of the source- Tworegulating methods are adapted, in order to be applied together orseparately:

1. Regulation by intermittent flow o1 theelecswitching of the electriccircuits of the resistance wires, by means of the electrical switchingsystem resulting from the presence of the automatic regulators.

- Figures 4, 5, 6, '1, and 8 relate to somedetails of this lastregulation method by sections.

They diagrammatically show live different phases of the closing andopening of the automatic regulators or thermostats inserted in eachheating section and mounted so as to work under the effect of theexterior temperature as it attests the relative temperature of theresistance wires. 'i Figure 4 shows the starting phase; there is visibleon this figure heating element'or section A in series with the threeelements B1, B1 and B: in parallel, when the three regulators T1, T;,

on the contacting position. 1 1

Figure 5 shows a following phase, in which regulator T: is unlocked(that is, on the cutting oil. position) and regulators T1 and T: arelocked. Element A is visible, in series with element B1.

The result will be equivalent with regulator Tz,j

or T1 and Ta, or T2 and T1, will be unlocked (the other regulator(s)being looked) that is, in all these cases, element A would be in serieswith a single element B. Figure 6 shows a regulators T1 and T: areunlocked and the only regulator T: is locked.' Element A is visible inseries with elementsBi, B: and Ba, themselves in series one with theothers.

.Figure 7 shows a fourth phase of unlocking of the only regulator T3.There is visible element lished an adjustment of 50% between the phaseof Figure 4 and that of Figured, there can be deduced fromi'ormula:

that

11A is the resistance of element A, expressed in ohms, B the resistanceof each element B1, Ba.

Ba expressed in ohms, the resistance of the phase of Figure 4 would andthe resistance of the phase of Figure 6 would be: Ali-3B in ohms,supposing that resistances are equal: B1=B2=B:1.

It is also possible to provide automatic switching system in series orin parallel with only B elements. For instance, Figure 9 shows a systemof three B elements combined with two automatic regulators, giving: afirst phase (Figure 9) of starting, when both regulators T1 and T: are

locked, the three elements being all in parallel and the resultingresistance being V 3 ohm.

A second phase (Figure 10) with only one regulator locked, theresistance being B ohms.

A third phase (Figure 11) with both regulators unlocked, the threeelements being in series and the resistance amounting to 33 ohms.

It is manifest that two or more heating sections S1 and B: may be usedsimultaneously and connected in parallel, as for example already alludedto in Fig. 3. in which the sections A and 0, Having now fully describedmy invention, I-

third phase, where the two A in series with the two elements 13: and B1,

which are in parallel one with the other.

Figure 8 shows a fifth phase with all the three regulators T1, T2, '1:unlocked. The current is seen to be interrupted everywhere and theheating is thus stopped. g In practice regulators T1 and T: are adjustedwith a slight advance at starting, with referenceto regulator Ta and soas to loci; or unlock in synchronism one with the other, which in factlimits the whole regulating process to only three phases, viz. those ofFigures 4, 6 and 8. It is easy to see that, in each phase the electricalresist- A1 are both connected in parallel to the current mains.

claim:

1. :An automatic electrical heating system adapted for use in garments,covers, cushions, fabrics and other obiects, and eil'ective to produceand maintain a stabilized, substantially uniform temperature for saidgarment or other nected at one end to one of said further branchcircuits and a fourth resistance connected at one end to the other ofsaid further branch circuits,

a conductor adapting the other end of the third resistance forconnection to said source of current, connecting means connecting saidconductor in parallel to the other ends of the second and fourthresistances, and at least one thermostat included in said connectingmeans between said second and fourth resistances and said conductor, atleast one of the thermostats being set to open at a differenttemperature than.

the one or more other thermostats in the system.

2. An automatic electrical system according to claim 1, having anadditional thermostat included in the connecting means between thesecond and fourth resistances. .1

g 3. An automatic electrical system according to claim 1, having thethermostats disposed adjacent portions of the resistances so as to beresponsive to the temperatures thereof.

4. An automatic electrical system according to claim 1, having thethermostats disposed adjacent portions of the first resistance and alsoadjacent limited portions of at least one of the other resistances so asto be responsive to the temperatures thereof. v

5. An automatic electrical system according to claim 1, having anadditional thermostat included in the connecting means between thesecond and fourth resistances, and having the thermostats disposedadjacent portions of the first resistance and also adjacent limitedportions of at least one of the other resistances so as to be responsiveto the temperatures thereof.

6. An automatic electrical heating system adapted for use in garments,covers, cushions,

fabrics, and other objects, and efiective'to produce and maintain astabilized, substantially uniform temperature for said garment or otherobject as a function of the temperature of the air or other fluidsurrounding said garment or object said system including a firstresistance adapted for connection at one end to a source of currentsupply and at the other end having two branch circuits connected inparallel thereto, a thermostat having one pole thereof connected to onebranch circuit and a second resistance connected to the otherbranch'circuit, further branch circuits connected to the other pole ofsaid thermostat and to the other end of the second .resistance, aplurality orr'esistances individually included in some of said furtherbranch circuits, connecting means serving to connect all of said Ifurther branch circuits to the source of current supply, and at leastone. additional thermostat included in said connecting means between atleast one of said further branch circuits and said current source.

7. An automatic electrical system according to claim 1. in which thesystem is'repeated so that each system forms a single section of theresult-'- ing multiple or plural system, and in which all systems orsections are connected in parallel.

8. An automatic electrical system according to second and fourthresistances, an additional thermostat included in said connecting meansbetween said other ends of the second and fourth resistances and saidconductor, and a third thermostat also included in said conducting meansbetween one of said last mentioned two resistances and the additionalthermostat.

10. An electrical heating system for use in an aviators garment andeflective to product and maintain a stabilized temperature for said garment as a function of the temperature of the air surrounding saidgarment, said system including a first resistance having a substantiallyconstant ohmic value during the operation of said system and adapted tobe connected directly to a source of electric energy, and a secondresistance com prising two or more heating wires interconnected inparallel to provide a given ohmic resistance. a plurality of thermostatsoperatively connected to said heating wires for automatically varyingthe ohmic resistance of said second resistance as a function of the heatgenerated-in the said system by the flow of current and of the fluidsurrounding said system and for automatically placing two or more ofsaid heating wires in series. means operatively connecting said secondresistance to said first resistance in series and means operativelyconnecting said second resistance to said source of electric current,the flow of current through the first resistance being varied but notinterrupted by the opening or closing of any one of said thermostats.

11. In an electrical heating system of the class described, a firstresistance adapted to be connected to a source of current and meansoperatively connected in series to said first resistance and to saidsource of current, said means including 'two or more resistancesconnected in parallel and having a predetermined ohmic value,

. the temperature generated in said resistances by claim 6, in which thesystem is repeated so that each system forms a single section of theresulting multiple or plural system, and in which all systems orsections are connected in parallel.

9. An automatic electrical heating system adapted for use in garments,covers, cushions,

two branch circuits connected in parallel there? to, a thermostat havingone pole thereof connected to one branch circuit and a second resistanceconnected to the other branch'circuit;

two further branch circuits connected in parallel to the other pole ofsaidthermostat, a third resistance connected at one end to one of saidfurther branch circuits and a fourth resistance connected at one end tothe other of said. further branch circuits, a conductor adapting theother end of the third resistance for connection to said source ofcurrent, connecting means connecting said conductor in parallel to'theother ends of the the flow of current and in accordance with thetemperature of the medium surrounding the system. said thermostats beingadapted to place two or more of said resistances in series and the flowof current through the first resistance being varied but not interruptedby the opening or closing of any one of said thermostats.

12. An electrical heating system according to claim 11 wherein one ofsaid thermostats is connected in series withat least two of the resistances connected in parallel.

13. An electrical heating system of the class described including threeresistances adapted to be connected to a source of current, meansinterconnecting one end of each of said resistances in parallel, meansconnecting the other ends of each of said resistances in parallel, athermostat connected between the first two of said resistances, and asecond thermostat connected between the opposite ends of the second andthird resistances, said thermostats being disposed in parallel betweentwo parallel connected resistances, and means for connecting saidresistances to a source oi current. I

14. An electrical heating system stormed of a plurality of independentlyregulated sections, each section comprising a first resistance connectedto a source of current, a plurality of heating wires, means forconnecting said wires in parallel and to said first resistance, meansfor connecting' said wires to said current source, and thermostatsoperatively connected to said first ment to a source of current.

named means for connecting two or more-o1 said wires in series, th flowof current from said source through said first resistance being changed,by the opening orclosing of any one of said thermostats. l

15. In a heating circuit of the class described,

- a first resistance adapted to be connected at one end thereofto asource or current, a second rethe opposite end thereoi, and means forconnectlng said opposite end of the third resistance ele- 16. In aheating system of the class described, three resistances, meansconnecting adjacent ends cfeach resistance, means connecting the otherends of each of said resistances whereby the three resistances areconnected in parallel, a thermostat interposed in the first-namedconnecting means between the first and second resistances, a'thermostatinterposed in the secondnamed connecting means between the second-andReis sne No. 22, 512

,USCHER MUNSCHAK.

third resistances whereby the opening of both thermostats is eflectiveto place-all three of said resistances in series, and=- means forconnectins the opposite ends of the first and third resistances to asource of current.

' 17. In a. heating system of the class described,.

a first resistance operatively connected atone end to a source orcurrent and at the other end having two branch circuits connected inparallel thereto, a thermostat having one p le thereof connected to onebranch circuit and a second resistance connected to the other branchcircuit.

twofurther branch circuits connected in parallel I to the other pole orsaid thermostat. a third resistance connected at one end to one oi saidfur- 'ther branch circuits. and a fourth resistance conresistances.

User-ma MunscnsxQ CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTI ON.

y l, 19th.

It is hereby certified that the above nugil ered patent was erroneouslyissued to the inventor, selid' MUNSCHAK" as essignor of one-halfinterest, to JACOB WOLODARSKY of Parisillrance whereas said patent"should have been issued to ---United Theme-St ble Corporation, acorporation of New York--, as assig nee bydirect and mesne assignmentsoft-he entire interest there-- 3 8 hown by the recordof assignments inthis office;

and that the said Let-tors Patent should be read with this correctiontherein that the same may conform to the record 'of thecase in thePatent Office.

Signed and sealed this 1L .th day of November, A. D. 19bit.

(Seal? Leslie Frazer ment to a source of current.

named means for connecting two or more-o1 said wires in series, th flowof current from said source through said first resistance being changed,by the opening orclosing of any one of said thermostats. l

15. In a heating circuit of the class described,

- a first resistance adapted to be connected at one end thereofto asource or current, a second rethe opposite end thereoi, and means forconnectlng said opposite end of the third resistance ele- 16. In aheating system of the class described, three resistances, meansconnecting adjacent ends cfeach resistance, means connecting the otherends of each of said resistances whereby the three resistances areconnected in parallel, a thermostat interposed in the first-namedconnecting means between the first and second resistances, a'thermostatinterposed in the secondnamed connecting means between the second-andReis sne No. 22, 512

,USCHER MUNSCHAK.

third resistances whereby the opening of both thermostats is eflectiveto place-all three of said resistances in series, and=- means forconnectins the opposite ends of the first and third resistances to asource of current.

' 17. In a. heating system of the class described,.

a first resistance operatively connected atone end to a source orcurrent and at the other end having two branch circuits connected inparallel thereto, a thermostat having one p le thereof connected to onebranch circuit and a second resistance connected to the other branchcircuit.

twofurther branch circuits connected in parallel I to the other pole orsaid thermostat. a third resistance connected at one end to one oi saidfur- 'ther branch circuits. and a fourth resistance conresistances.

User-ma MunscnsxQ CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTI ON.

y l, 19th.

It is hereby certified that the above nugil ered patent was erroneouslyissued to the inventor, selid' MUNSCHAK" as essignor of one-halfinterest, to JACOB WOLODARSKY of Parisillrance whereas said patent"should have been issued to ---United Theme-St ble Corporation, acorporation of New York--, as assig nee bydirect and mesne assignmentsoft-he entire interest there-- 3 8 hown by the recordof assignments inthis office;

and that the said Let-tors Patent should be read with this correctiontherein that the same may conform to the record 'of thecase in thePatent Office.

Signed and sealed this 1L .th day of November, A. D. 19bit.

(Seal? Leslie Frazer

